What is a sump pump?

A sump pump sits in a sump pit, a small basin dug into the lowest point of a basement or crawl space floor. Its job is to collect and expel groundwater and seepage that accumulates around the foundation before it enters the living space. When water rises in the pit, a float switch triggers the pump to activate, drawing water up through a discharge line and out of the building, typically to a storm drain, French drain system, or daylight outlet away from the foundation.

Sump pumps work in tandem with weeping tile (or perforated drain pipe) installed around the foundation perimeter and often around the footer. The weeping tile catches groundwater approaching the foundation and channels it down to the sump pit, where the pump then removes it. This setup is standard in Greater Toronto Area homes, especially in areas with high water tables, clay soils, or heavy spring runoff. Without this system, hydrostatic pressure can drive water through foundation cracks and walls, leading to basement moisture, mold, and structural issues.

Most sump pumps run on household electricity, but battery-powered backup systems are also available. These backup units activate during power outages, ensuring water removal continues when the main pump cannot operate. Many homeowners in flood-prone neighborhoods install dual systems for added protection. When considering a sump pump installation or upgrade, working with a waterproofing contractor ensures proper pump sizing, pit configuration, and discharge routing for reliable year-round performance.